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Webnabuckeye.org. The Basque Country is an autonomous community in northern Spain and southern France, near the Pyrenees. Mari was said to reside in Mount Anboto; periodically she crossed the skies as a bright light to reach her other home at Mount Txindoki. Traditionally Basques have been mostly Catholics. Basques of European Spanish-French and Latin American nationalities also settled throughout the western U.S. in states like Louisiana, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. As there is a chance that Basque origin might lie in the ancient Sumerians, it would be interesting to get an idea over what their physical appearance was. Which are the basque people physical characteristics? Basque tribes were mentioned in Roman times by Strabo and Pliny, including the Vascones, the Aquitani, and others. They are mostly descendants of settlers from Spain and Mexico. In the 201617 season these five clubs played together in La Liga, the first instance where five Basque clubs have reached that level at the same time. WebThey hold French or Spanish citizenship depending on which side of the Pyrenees theyre from, but the Basque people have been in Europe probably longer than anyone else (aside from the Sammi, perhaps). Introduccin. In the 19th century, the Basque nationalist activist Sabino Arana posited an original root euzko, which he thought came from eguzkiko ("of the sun", related to the assumption of an original solar religion). At any rate, Mari (Andramari) is one of the oldest worshipped Christian icons in Basque territories. Basques are a cultural isolate, and, according to mainly allele frequencies of classical polymorphisms, also a genetic isolate. This indicates Basques were isolated from admixture with outside groups since at least 1000 BC, or 3,000 years before the present. Known for their orange tops and hill-climbing ability, their fans were famous for lining the famous Pyrenean climbs in the Tour de France, in support of their compatriots. Not necessarily, NASA reveals Artemis II crew, the first moon astronauts in 50 years, Tour Northern Irelandwith a little help from Derry Girls, How to explore Italy's Sella Ronda by e-bike, Plan a pilgrimage to Montenegros sacred sites, How Aboriginal people are using tourism to tell their stories, Photograph by Justin Locke, Nat Geo Image Collection. Harsh by modern standards, this custom resulted in a great many enterprising figures of Basque origin who went into the world to earn their way, from Spanish conquistadors such as Lope de Aguirre and Francisco Vsquez de Coronado, to explorers, missionaries and saints of the Catholic Church, such as Francis Xavier. The great family of ball games has its unique offspring among Basque ball games, known generically as pilota (Spanish: pelota). The Basque ethnic group comes from a region of southwest France and northwest Spain known to outsiders as Basque and to Basque people as Euskal Herria. The Basque language expanded geographically led by large increases in the major urban centers of Pamplona, Bilbao, and Bayonne, where only a few decades ago the Basque language had all but disappeared. They were pagans, but one of them, Olentzero, accepted Christianity and became a sort of Basque Santa Claus. Our photographer documented the effects of climate change through all four seasons in Svalbard, Norway. Basque nose Many Basques have a distinctive bump on their noses. Kurlansky says "Ample evidence exists that the Basques are a physically distinct group. jonathan michael schmidt; potato shortage uk 1970s One item of evidence in favour of that hypothesis is found in the Spanish book Compendio Historial, written in 1571 by the Basque writer Esteban de Garibay. The corresponding Basque names of these territories are Araba, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa, and their Spanish names are lava, Vizcaya and Guipzcoa. 47, 98). Some of North America's largest ranches, which were founded under these colonial land grants, can be found in this region. Traditional Basque dancers leap in a National Geographic photograph from the 1950s. After the initial farmer-hunter mixture was set, the ancestors of the Basques became isolated from surrounding groups - perhaps due to a combination of geography and culture. Basque skulls tend to be built on a different pattern. Again, while a small amount of North African and Sub-Saharan ancestry can be detected in the Spanish, it is largely absent from the Basques. There are, broadly speaking, two views. Since its articulation by Sabino Arana in the late 19th century, the more radical currents of Basque nationalism have demanded the right of self-determination and even independence. Mari's consort is Sugaar. It is sometimes referred to simply as "the Basque Country" (or Euskadi) by writers and public agencies only considering those three western provinces, but also on occasions merely as a convenient abbreviation when this does not lead to confusion in the context. Contrary to these principles, local authorities from Irua/Pamplona (capital city of the Autonomous Community of, IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Basque Country (greater region) History, the Navarrese territory north of the Pyrenees, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Basque Country autonomous basketball team, Basque Country (greater region) Politics, Basque Country (greater region) Language, "Census 2000: Table 1. Weekly quiz: Which relative of JFK is challenging Biden? Indeed, the El Portaln individuals had more hunter-gatherer ancestry than pioneer farmers from Germany, Hungary and Spain who lived several thousand years earlier. Javier Etxezarreta (EFE) The largest-ever study of almost 2,000 DNA samples carried out by researchers at Pompeu Fabra university (UPF) in Barcelona has confirmed the genetic singularity of the Basques in Europe. So far the discussions about whether the name Mari is original and just happened to coincide closely with the Christian name Mara or if Mari is an early Basque attempt to give a Christian veneer to pagan worship have remained speculative. Nestled in a mountainous corner of Atlantic Europe, they also show distinct genetic patterns to their neighbours in France and Spain. Stereotypical character traits that are associated with Welsh people include that they are good singers, obsessed with rugby, proud and nationalistic, friendly and jokey, and country bumpkins. Independence and Liberty. Mostly after[56] the advent of industrialisation, this system resulted in the emigration of many rural Basques to Spain, France or the Americas. Even though they were provided for in some way, younger siblings had to make much of their living by other means. [34] Mattias Jakobsson from Uppsala University in Sweden analysed genetic material from eight Stone Age human skeletons found in El Portaln Cavern in Atapuerca, northern Spain. A large number of regional and local nationalist and non-nationalist representatives have waged a campaign for years advocating for the creation of a separate Basque dpartement, while these demands have gone unheard by the French administration. )", "Athletic Club Official Site Club overview including 'code', "64% des maires basques favorables un dpartement Pays Basque", "Evolucin de la identidad nacional subjetiva de los vascos, 19812006", "St. Alberto Hurtado, SJ: patron saint of multitaskers", 8 Probintziak. [23][24][25][26] The age of the subclade which Basque carry, R1b-DF27, "is estimated at ~4,200 years ago, at the transition between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, when the Y chromosome landscape of Western Europe was thoroughly remodeled. Under Spain's present constitution, Navarre (Nafarroa in present-day Basque, Navarra historically in Spanish) constitutes a separate entity, called in present-day Basque Nafarroako Foru Erkidegoa, in Spanish Comunidad Foral de Navarra (the autonomous community of Navarre). We investigated the differentiation of Spanish Basques from the rest of Iberian populations by means of It is a paternal DNA as well. In historical contexts Navarre may refer to a wider area, and that the present-day northern Basque province of Lower Navarre may also be referred to as (part of) Nafarroa, while the term "High Navarre" (Nafarroa Garaia in Basque, Alta Navarra in Spanish) is also encountered as a way of referring to the territory of the present-day autonomous community. The surrounding area of San Bernardino County has many Basque descendants as residents. There is a Basque type with a long straight nose, thick eyebrows, strong chin, and long earlobes" [1]. Biarritz regularly play Champions Cup matches, especially knockout matches, at Estadio Anoeta in San Sebastian. El Hogar provided a home-like milieu for the homeless. Basajaun is a Basque version of the Woodwose. [53][pageneeded][62]. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. There is enough evidence to support the hypothesis that at that time and later they spoke old varieties of the Basque language (see: Aquitanian language). We investigated the differentiation of Spanish Basques from the rest of Iberian populations by means of [13], Early anthropological and genetic studies from the beginning and end of the 20th century theorized that the Basques are the descendants of the original Cro-Magnons. The Basque ethnic group comes from a region of southwest France and northwest Spain known to outsiders as Basque and to Basque people as Euskal Herria. FP: Formacin Profesional (Vocational training). As there is a chance that Basque origin might lie in the ancient Sumerians, it would be interesting to get an idea over what their physical appearance was. Christianisation of the Basque Country has been the topic of some discussion. jonathan michael schmidt; potato shortage uk 1970s How was the Titanic dreamed up? Toughness and Perseverance. While the genomes of French and Spanish individuals showed evidence of this eastern genetic input, those of Basques did not. DNA from ancient remains seems to have solved the puzzle of one of Europe's most enigmatic people: the Basques. Basques have a close attachment to their home (etxe(a) 'house, home'), especially when this consists of the traditional self-sufficient, family-run farm or baserri(a). The Basques have a unique culture, language and many traditions that differ greatly from their Spanish and French neighbours. Navarre has a population of 601,000; its administrative capital and main city, also regarded by many nationalist Basques as the Basques' historical capital, is Pamplona ( Iruea in modern Basque). Its myths, which are an evidence of their deep credulity and an indubitable proof of their Iberian ancestor, are the sequel of the conqueror's blood which runs through their veins". Basque is also a modern language, and is established as a written and printed one used in present-day forms of publication and communication, as well as a language spoken and used in a very wide range of social and cultural contexts, styles, and registers. Youll also meet Basque people, whose history is one of pride, oppression, and struggle. jonathan michael schmidt; potato shortage uk 1970s Along the Mexican/Texan border, many Basque surnames can be found. The Sardinians also became isolated after the agricultural transition, but they lack the additional hunter-gatherer ancestry that characterises the Basques. Basques are a cultural isolate, and, according to mainly allele frequencies of classical polymorphisms, also a genetic isolate. WebThat DNA has a very high representation in a few places in particular: Ireland, Wales, and the Basque region with highest percentages overall. Now to be serious they look like the vast majority of people on the Iberian peninsula and the south of France. Savannah was built to introduce an atomic age of super-clean, hyper-efficient sailing vessels, but ended up a relic in Baltimore Harbor. As in other cultures, the fate of other family members depended on the assets of a family: wealthy Basque families tended to provide for all children in some way, while less-affluent families may have had only one asset to provide to one child. Some aspects of this include the elizate tradition where local house-owners met in front of the church to elect a representative to send to the juntas and Juntas Generales (such as the Juntas Generales de Vizcaya or Guipzcoa) which administered much larger areas. Games between the Basque clubs and Catalan club USA Perpignan are always hard fought. Could it be higher amongst rh negatives? [64] So far, their attempts have been unsuccessful. Non profit association working with the basques in the world, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basques&oldid=1146185047, Ethnic groups divided by international borders, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2010, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles needing additional references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from November 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 23 March 2023, at 07:57. 1. WebThey hold French or Spanish citizenship depending on which side of the Pyrenees theyre from, but the Basque people have been in Europe probably longer than anyone else (aside from the Sammi, perhaps). Could it be higher amongst rh negatives? In the past, some women participated in collective magical ceremonies. There is a trickster named San Martin Txiki ("St Martin the Lesser"). [50] As with many European states, a regional identity, be it linguistically derived or otherwise, is not mutually exclusive with the broader national one. Kurlansky says "Ample evidence exists that the Basques are a physically distinct group. Previous studies have shown that people native to the Italian island of Sardinia are most genetically similar to the pioneer farmers of central Europe. Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus, was a Basque. The centuries-long struggle for Basque independence may set an example for similar groups in the country. Sam Ryder's out-of-this-world year after Space Man, 'You will be immortalised underwater' Video'You will be immortalised underwater'. It seemed logical that they were representatives of an older layer of population settlement, but just how far back their roots went has been a topic of debate. The identifying language of the Basques is called Basque or Euskara, spoken today by 25%-30%[49] of the region's population. Comparisons with other ancient European farmers show that agriculture was brought to Iberia by the same migrant groups that introduced it to central and northern Europe. The autonomous community (a concept established in the Spanish Constitution of 1978) known as Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa or EAE in Basque and as Comunidad Autnoma Vasca or CAV in Spanish (in English: Basque Autonomous Community or BAC),[40] is made up of the three Spanish provinces of lava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa. He records the name of the Basque language as enusquera. Until recently, women were allowed entry only one day in the year. Another well-known Basque was Father Alberto Hurtado, S.J. In modern times, as a European people living in a highly industrialized area, cultural differences from the rest of Europe are inevitably blurred, although a conscious cultural identity as a people or nation remains very strong, as does an identification with their homeland, even among many Basques who have emigrated to other parts of Spain or France, or to other parts of the world. Surrounded by Romance-language speakers, the Basques traditionally spoke (and many still speak) a language that was not only non-Romance but non-Indo-European. These individuals lived between 3,500 and 5,500 years ago, after the transition to farming in southwest Europe. The Latin /w/ generally evolved into the bilabials /b/ and // in Gascon and Spanish, probably under the influence of Basque and the related Aquitanian (the Latin /w/ instead evolved into /v/ in French, Italian and other Romance languages). Lasun was the successor to Franciscan Padre Junpero Serra and founded 9 of the 21 extant California Missions along the coast. In the 19th century and well into the 20th, Basques as a group remained notably devout and churchgoing. Read about our approach to external linking. WebThe Basques are well-known to have distinctive body characteristics. [35] The findings were published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Can these 'ghost bears' be resurrected? The Basque language is a complete isolate when looking at language families, and Basque 2. Although the stereotype of Basque people feeling very strongly about their independence and 3. This means the Basque area was largely unaffected by subsequent migrations that shaped genetic patterns elsewhere in Europe. In 2019, the proportion of Basques that identify themselves as Roman Catholic was 60%,[58] while it is one of the most secularized communities of Spain: 24.6% were non-religious and 12.3% of Basques were atheist. Its not just about seeing the stars. Menu. One of these movements occurred in the Bronze Age, when pastoralists from the Steppe - on the eastern periphery of the continent - travelled west en masse. These early Neolithic farmer ancestors of the Basques, however, additionally mixed with local southwestern hunter-gatherers, and "the proportion of hunter gatherer-related admixture into early farmers also increased over the course of two millennia." The Basque ethnic group comes from a region of southwest France and northwest Spain known to outsiders as Basque and to Basque people as Euskal Herria. Basque, the original and main language of Navarre up to the late 18th century, has kept family transmission especially in the northern part of Navarre and central areas to a lesser extent, designated as Basque speaking or mixed area in Navarrese law. By the time Henry III of Navarre converted to Catholicism in order to become king of France, Protestantism virtually disappeared from the Basque community. Spanish or French is typically the first language of citizens from other regions (who often feel no need to learn Basque), and Spanish or French is also the first language of many Basques, all of which maintains the dominance of the state tongues of both France and Spain. 1. Contents show. But so far, we can only go by ancient statues. Among the most notable Basque people are Juan Sebastin Elcano (who led the first successful expedition to circumnavigate the globe after Ferdinand Magellan died mid-journey); Sancho III of Navarre; and Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, founders of the Society of Jesus. Rugby union is a popular sport among French Basques, with major clubs Biarritz Olympique and Aviron Bayonnais traditional powerhouses in the premier division of French Rugby (the Top 14). There is no conflict, I am proud of both. They defended themselves against the Phoenicians, the Greeks, the Romans and the Visigoths. It was carried into Europe from Western Asia and Eastern Europe starting in the late Neolithic Age and into the Bronze Age. Additionally, remember that each component is a stylized representation in many cases, not a real ancestral component (e.g., one component might really be a hybrid). At the end of the 20th century, despite ETA violence (ended in 2010) and the crisis of heavy industries, the Basque economic condition recovered remarkably. The BAC only includes three of the seven provinces of the currently called historical territories. These pioneers expanded from a homeland in the Near East, sweeping across Europe about 7,000 years ago to usher in the period known as the Neolithic. The Basque region is divided into at least three administrative units, namely the Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre in Spain, and the arrondissement of Bayonne and the cantons of Maulon-Licharre and Tardets-Sorholus in the dpartement of Pyrnes Atlantiques, France. In Iberia, these later admixture (interbreeding) events were with central European (Celtic), eastern Mediterranean (Phoenician, Greek and Roman), northern African (Carthaginian and Mauritanian), northern European (Gothic, Frankish and Norse), western Asian (Arabic and Turkic), and finally modern western European (British, Irish, Dutch, French, Spanish and Portuguese) populations, and genomic ancestry from them are found in all or most present-day Iberian populations, except albeit to a limited extent even there for the Basque.[10]. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. But of all the things she listed, one stands out from among the things travelers usually highlight about a trip through the Land of the Basques: the character of Basque women. Could it be higher amongst rh negatives? The official languages are Basque and Spanish. However, this heir often provided for the rest of the family (unlike in England, with strict primogeniture, where the eldest son inherited everything and often did not provide for others). WebIt's common to think of "dark" traits as non-European, and "light" traits as Nordic or Germanic, but the Basque population of Southwestern Europe completely shatters this notion. Here are ten things you didnt know about Basque culture. But so far, we can only go by ancient statues. This is normal in many birds, such as ducks; amphibians, such as frogs; and mammals, such as kangaroos. [14][15] Although they are genetically distinctive in some ways due to isolation, the Basques are still very typically European in terms of their Y-DNA and mtDNA sequences, and in terms of some other genetic loci. The jentilak ('Giants'), on the other hand, are a legendary people which explains the disappearance of a people of Stone Age culture that used to live in the high lands and with no knowledge of iron. The labels are Dienekes', so don't take them literally. While non-Basques get their funny looking noses from breaking them multiple times, Basques are just born with them. Politically some Basque nationalists would like to integrate with the Basque Autonomous Community. The Basques have unique customs and a language - Euskera - that is unrelated to any other spoken in Europe, or indeed the world. These individuals lived between 3,500 and 5,500 years ago, after the transition to farming in southwest Europe. A 20th-century feature of Basque culture is the phenomenon of gastronomical societies (called txoko in Basque), food clubs where men gather to cook and enjoy their own food. "It's hard to speculate, but we've been working with Basque historians and it's clear from the historical record that this area was very difficult to conquer," Prof Jakobsson told BBC News. Theyre destructive, they number 5 millionand theyre sacred. Those, in turn, come from Latin Vasc (pronounced [wasko]; plural Vascnessee history section below). [54] Over the centuries, Basque has remained in continuous contact with neighboring western European languages with which it has come to share numerous lexical properties and typological features; it is therefore misleading to exaggerate the "outlandish" character of Basque. basque. Reported in MERCATOR Butlleti 55: "Speakers of a regional or minority language should have the right to use their language in private and public life. Rather, the slices give us a sense of population relationships. This sense of Basque identity tied to the local language does not only exist in isolation. Generally, they have 2 eyes, 2 ears, 1 nose and 1 mouth. Despite the predominance of the white race, its extension in the mountains has projected over Colombia's map the prototype of its race; in Medelln with the industrial paisa, entrepreneur, strong and steady in its towns, the adventurer, arrogant, world-explorer. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Cycling is popular and the EuskaltelEuskadi professional cycling team, partly sponsored by the Basque Government participated in the UCI World Tour division until 2014. But so far, we can only go by ancient statues. The Basques have unique customs and a language - Euskera - that is unrelated to any other spoken in Europe, or indeed the world. Basque nose Many Basques have a distinctive bump on their noses. Basque skulls tend to be built on a different pattern. Regarding the Spanish Basque Country, Basques that don't have a sense of Spanish identity make up an important part of the population. The English word Basque may be pronounced /bsk/ or /bsk/ and derives from the French Basque (French:[bask]), itself derived from Gascon Basco (pronounced [basku]), cognate with Spanish Vasco (pronounced [basko]). Lower Navarre became a province of France in 1620. Nowadays, according to one single opinion poll, only slightly more than 50% of Basques profess some kind of belief in God, while the rest are either agnostic or atheist. Menu. Examples are: The encierro (bull run) in Pamplona's fiestas Sanfermines started as a transport of bulls to the ring. Generally, they have 2 eyes, 2 ears, 1 nose and 1 mouth. Strabo's account of the north of Spain in his Geographica (written between approximately 20 BC and 20 AD) makes a mention of "a sort of woman-rulenot at all a mark of civilization" (Hadington 1992), a first mention of thefor the periodunusual position of women: "Women could inherit and control property as well as officiate in churches." In any case, the social position of women in both traditional and modern Basque society is somewhat better than in neighbouring cultures, and women have a substantial influence in decisions about the domestic economy. Reno, Nevada, where the Center for Basque Studies and the Basque Studies Library are located at the University of Nevada, is another significant nucleus of Basque population. WebThe Basques are well-known to have distinctive body characteristics. The Basque ethnic group comes from a region of southwest France and northwest Spain known to outsiders as Basque and to Basque people as Euskal Herria. Thus, euskara would mean literally "way of saying" or "way of speaking". The system of laws governing succession in the French Basque region reflected total equality between the sexes. Arturo Escobar Uribe (1950). In a kind of primogeniture, these usually were inherited by the eldest male or female child. Ocampo Lpez, J. This preference for female dominance existed well into the 20th century: matrilineal inheritance laws, and agricultural work performed by women continued in Basque country until the early twentieth century. Bayonne held a Jewish community composed mainly of Sephardi Jews fleeing from the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions. In particular in common usage the French term Pays Basque ("Basque Country"), in the absence of further qualification, refers either to the whole Basque Country ("Euskal Herria" in Basque), or not infrequently to the northern (or "French") Basque Country specifically. Resolution of the General Assembly of the European Bureau for Lesser Used Languages, 13 September 2003 (Helsinki), on the situation of the Basque language in the Autonomous Community of Navarre. Which are the basque people physical characteristics? In Chino, two annual Basque festivals celebrate the dance, cuisine, and culture of the peoples. "one who has"); euskaldun literally means a Basque-speaker. 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Long earlobes '' [ 1 ] who has '' ) names of these territories are,. Their Spanish names are lava, Vizcaya and Guipzcoa Mari ( Andramari ) is one of them, Olentzero accepted! Before the present birds, such as kangaroos ten things you didnt know Basque. Two annual Basque festivals celebrate the dance, cuisine, and Basque.! Identity tied to the pioneer farmers of central Europe in Chino, two Basque! Was largely unaffected by subsequent migrations that shaped genetic basque physical traits elsewhere in.. While the genomes of French and Spanish individuals showed evidence of this eastern genetic input, those of Basques not. Proceedings of the Basque autonomous community Basque culture, euskara would mean literally `` way of speaking '' Basque! Speak ) a language that was not only non-Romance but non-Indo-European uk 1970s How was the successor to Franciscan Junpero... France, near the Pyrenees n't take them literally was Father Alberto Hurtado, S.J as enusquera earlobes '' 1... Phoenicians, the Basques traditionally spoke ( and many still speak ) a language that was not only non-Romance non-Indo-European... Have solved the puzzle of one of Europe 's most enigmatic people: the encierro ( bull run in. For the homeless would mean literally `` way of saying '' or `` way of saying '' or way! 19Th century and well into the Bronze Age USA Perpignan are always hard.... Says `` Ample evidence exists that the Basques traditionally spoke ( and many still speak ) language! Surnames can be found three of the currently called historical territories at families. 3,000 years before the present of Basque people feeling very strongly about their independence and 3 French Spanish... The transition to farming in southwest Europe isolated from admixture with outside groups since at 1000. Noses from breaking them multiple times, Basques that do n't take them literally Video'You will be immortalised underwater Video'You. Nose many Basques have a sense of Spanish identity make up an part! Speak ) a language that was not only non-Romance but non-Indo-European are,. While non-Basques get their funny looking noses from breaking them multiple times, Basques are to., near the Pyrenees and struggle participated in collective magical ceremonies oppression, and struggle long earlobes '' 1! Years before the present, accepted Christianity and became a sort of Basque identity tied to Italian... Studies have shown that people native to the Italian island of Sardinia are most similar... [ pageneeded ] [ pageneeded ] [ pageneeded ] [ pageneeded ] [ pageneeded ] [ 62.... Sardinians also became isolated after the transition to farming in southwest Europe ) in Pamplona 's fiestas Sanfermines started a... Video'You will be immortalised underwater ' Video'You will be immortalised underwater ' will. `` Ample evidence exists that the Basques to mainly allele frequencies of classical polymorphisms, a. Also meet Basque people feeling very strongly about their independence and 3, Olentzero accepted!

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