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WebOn neurologic examination, he was found to have a bulging and pulsatile anterior fontanelle (AF) while sleeping and in both supine and upright positions. ; ASPNR PECOBIG Collaborator Group. Past medical history was noted of eczema and sickle cell trait. Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with SunAgri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. They stay connected throughout adulthood. Anterior Fontanelle. Tademir HA, Dilber C, Totan M, Onder A. Pseudotumor cerebri complicating measles: A case report and literature review. Brain edema and disorders of cerebrospinal fluid circulation. A babys soft spots should be relatively firm and curve ever so slightly inward. To examine the etiology of such symptoms, researchers retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 153 children (age range, 311 months) who underwent lumbar puncture to evaluate fever (rectal temperature, 38C) and bulging anterior fontanelles during 2000 to 2008 at a single hospital in Israel. See additional information. Learn more about A.D.A.M. Wall M. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The fontanel on the back of the head usually disappears by 1 to 2 months of age. Tsatsakis A, Calina D, Falzone L, Petrakis D, Mitrut R, Siokas V, Pennisi M, Lanza G, Libra M, Doukas SG, Doukas PG, Kavali L, Bukhari A, Gadiparthi C, Vageli DP, Kofteridis DP, Spandidos DA, Paoliello MMB, Aschner M, Docea AO. FOIA There are normally several fontanelles on a newborn's skull. The initial laboratory investigations included blood and urine samples. Maury A, Lyoubi A, Peiffer-Smadja N, de Broucker T, Meppiel E. Rev Neurol (Paris). Somand DM, Meurer WJ. chw.org/medical-care/craniofacial-disorders/craniofacial-disorder-conditions/craniofacial-anomalies/anatomy-of-the-newborn-skull/, nhs.uk/Conditions/Dehydration/Pages/Introduction.aspx, What You Need to Know About Bulging Fontanel, The Best Breast Pumps for 2023: Moms Weigh In. What does Enterococcus faecalis look like? When people develop the condition after birth, it is called acquired hydrocephalus. J Neurol Sci 2000;177:85-94. These joints are fixed, immovable, and they have no cavity. Poletti P, Tirani M, Cereda D, Trentini F, Guzzetta G, Sabatino G, Marziano V, Castrofino A, Grosso F, Del Castillo G, Piccarreta R, Andreassi A, Melegaro A, Gramegna M, Ajelli M, Merler S; ATS Lombardy COVID-19 Task Force. WebWhile it has disproportionately caused severe illness in the elderly and older adult population, many children have also been infected with the virus and some have become critically ill. Sometimes, these fontanels may appear sunken. The anterior fontanelle is the largest. His mother was unvaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). WebInstead, babies may be slow or inactive, irritable, vomiting, feeding poorly, or have a bulging anterior fontanelle (the soft spot of the skull). Updated by: Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Increased intracranial pressure. 8. 67 (12): 2547-52. elevators, retractors and evertors of the upper lip, depressors, retractors and evertors of the lower lip, embryological development of the head and neck. Rosenberg GA. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? 1. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Mayo Clinic on High Blood Pressure - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press. URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. The fontanelles should feel flat and firm. His cardiac, pulmonary, and abdominal examinations were normal. A bulging fontanel often indicates that the baby has hydrocephalus. A lumbar puncture involves inserting a needle into the area around the spine to get a sample of cerebrospinal fluid. herpes encephalitis) Hydrocephalus: fluid buildup inside the skull. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. It was created in 1952. This happens before the babys brain is fully formed. WebA bulging fontanel is a medical emergency because of its association with serious underlying central nervous system disease.2-4Drs Rothman and Lee have demonstrated radiographically the pathophysiology of bulging fontanel and meningitis. 21st ed. It is important to recognize COVID-19 may present differently in children; specifically, those under twelve months of age. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The sutures get minerals added to them over time and harden, firmly joining the skull bones together. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. In young children, doctors may also look at the childs reflexes for signs of meningitis. The skull is not perfectly round or smooth, so it is normal to feel slight bumps and ridges. URL of this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003310.htm. But if the soft spot is significantly sunken, its usually a sign that your baby is dehydrated and needs to be given fluids immediately. Other fontanels are found on the sides and back of an infant's head. Pearce JM. Some risk factors for hydrocephalus and a bulging fontanel at birth include: Some babies suddenly develop a bulging fontanel after birth. CASE PRESENTATION A 9-month-old Afro-Caribbean boy presented to the emergency department in April 2022 with a 1-day history of fever (maximum axillary temperature 39.6C) and an episode of vacant Published March 11, 2020. WHO Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Dashboard. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. You may search for similar articles that contain these same keywords or you may WebWhat causes sunken Fontanel in adults? The smaller spot at the back usually closes by age 2 to 3 months. may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed of several bones, of which eight bones enclose and protect the brain. You may never be able to feel or see this one. Department of Radiology, Queens Hospital, Barking, Havering, and Redbridge University Hospital Trust, Rom Valley Way, Romford RM7 0AG, United Kingdom. There is no family history of febrile seizures. Central nervous system infections. A bulging anterior fontanel can be a result of increased intracranial pressure or intracranial and extracranial tumors, and a sunken fontanel usually is a sign of dehydration. If your baby has been upset and then has calmed down, it might seem as if the bulging fontanelle now appears sunken. The doctor may then order one or more tests. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The abnormal fontanel. Scaphocephaly is caused by the early fusion of the sagittal suture which runs from front to back at the top of the skull. The cause may be a serious infection or other injury, which could be fatal. This isnt a symptom you should try to treat at home. WebThe anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle, frontal fontanelle) is the largest fontanelle, and is placed at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal suture, and frontal suture; it is lozenge-shaped, and measures about 4 cm in its antero-posterior and 2.5 cm in its transverse diameter. bulging anterior fontanelle; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; coronavirus disease 2019; children. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Sylaja PN, Ahsan Moosa NV, Radhakrishnan K, Sankara Sarma P, Pradeep Kumar S. Differential diagnosis of patients with intracranial sinus venous thrombosis related isolated intracranial hypertension from those with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Hydrocephalus causes fluid accumulation in the brains ventricles, which are spaces containing cerebrospinal fluid. 8th ed. Long, S. S. (2005). ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. The areas where the bones join together are called the sutures. Bulging fontanelle; Covid-19; Pediatric. This makes the bony plates overlap at the sutures and creates a small ridge. (2017) Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. -. Which fontanelles bulge (top of the head, back of the head, or other). The patient improved clinically in the ward, and his AF was normal at discharge on day 5. It is important not to assume that crying or vomiting caused the swelling. Anyone who notices a bulging fontanel on their baby should take them to the hospital or call 911. 2020;396:532. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. The outward curving of infants soft spot (fontanelle) is called bulging fontanelle. This condition requires immediate medical attention. This fluid can damage brain tissue, causing severe disabilities. It may mean that there is fluid on or around the brain. Search for Similar Articles Further genome analysis showed omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. 2. This is because the fluid in your brain does not drain as well while you're lying down and may have built up overnight. World Health Organization (WHO) WHO director-general's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19: 11 March 2020. The precise timing of the anterior fontanelle closure is quite variable, and the research literature shows cases of closure from 6 months that may represent a normal variation in healthy babies 2 although early or late closure of a fontanelle is associated with various pathologies 3. The headache may be worse when you wake upin the morning. You may never be able to feel or see this one. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. MeSH Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 113. 2021. Your newborn has loved to look up at you from the minute they were born, but just how good is their eyesight? Pediatrics. Sometimes, the babys whole head looks bigger. If you notice a change in your skull shape, you should make an appointment with your doctor. In this article, we look at the causes of a bulging fontanel, when to seek help, and what to expect at the hospital. He was tachycardic with a heart rate of 174/min. Some error has occurred while processing your request. For additional information visit Linking to and Using Content from MedlinePlus. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Take note of any other symptoms, like headaches, memory loss, and vision difficulties, that could be connected to a dent in your skull. If the baby has bacterial meningitis, they will need antibiotics. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox, Bulging Anterior Fontanelle Caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, Articles in PubMed by Chidambaram Sethuraman, MBBS, MD, MRCPCH, Articles in Google Scholar by Chidambaram Sethuraman, MBBS, MD, MRCPCH, Other articles in this journal by Chidambaram Sethuraman, MBBS, MD, MRCPCH, Privacy Policy (Updated December 15, 2022). The fontanelle normally measures between 0.6-3.6 cm (mean 2.1 cm) 3. Epub 2020 Oct 16. 21st ed. WebBulging fontanel. These might involve taking a blood or urine sample. His urine dip urinalysis was negative. The fontanel on the back of the head usually disappears by 1 to 2 months of age. Some other potential causes include: Parents and caregivers should always seek immediate medical help for a bulging fontanel, even if they suspect that the cause is something harmless. A babys soft spots should be relatively firm and curve ever so slightly inward. Neurologic manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease in children are varied. and transmitted securely. Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome associated with MIS-C: a case report. The doctor will likely want to know when the problem appeared and how you would rank the severity of the symptom considering the normal appearance of your babys soft spots. Goldberg, E. M. (2013). You may also shuffle rather than take proper steps. The average size of the anterior fontanel is 2.1 cm, and the median time of closure is 13.8 months. Most babies cry in their sleep at some point. The fontanelle normally measures between 0.6-3.6 cm (mean 2.1 cm) 3. SARS CoV-2 virus has neurotropic potential like other respiratory viruses, such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus.2 Evidence of neurotropism with resultant astrocytic and neuronal injury is provided by studies demonstrating elevated serum levels of biomarkers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein and serum neurofilament light chain.3 Retrograde transmission through the olfactory neurons, disinhibition of renin angiotensin pathway and cytokine-induced neuroinflammation are some of the possible mechanisms behind the neurologic effects of COVID-19.2 The presentations commonly described in the literature include headaches overlapping with idiopathic intracranial hypertension,4 demyelinating disorders, stroke, encephalopathy and cerebral edema.5, Bulging of the AF in an infant is often a sign of raised intracranial pressure, and the differential diagnosis is wide, including infections, intracranial bleeds, space occupying lesions and trauma. Trust your instincts as a parent/carer Seek urgent medical attention if you suspect your child is ill His nasopharyngeal aspirate was negative for influenza virus (A and B), rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus (1, 2, and 3), adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and enterovirus and positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (respiratory multiplex polymerase chain reaction) which was confirmed again with a nasopharyngeal swab (dedicated polymerase chain reaction). If the sunken fontanel is due to dehydration, immediate medical attention may be necessary, sometimes in the hospital. Editorial team. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 99. The larger spot toward the front often closes around age 18 months. Anterior Fontanelle Closure and Size in Full-Term Children Based on Head Computed Tomography:. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us"}, Lall N, Saber M, Hacking C, et al. A bulging anterior fontanel can be a result of increased intracranial pressure or intracranial and extracranial tumors, and a sunken fontanel usually is a sign of dehydration. A tense or bulging fontanelle occurs when fluid builds up in the brain or the brain itself swells in any condition leading to increased pressure inside the skull. The treatment will depend on the cause. Sometimes, it is present at birth, in which case, doctors call it congenital hydrocephalus. The condition could be accompanied by This blood analysis involves a number of tests that assess how well various chemicals in the body are breaking down and using food. Neurology. This is further supported by the finding of foci of increased signal intensity in the white matter in MRI which has been described as the most common radiological abnormality in children with COVID-19. Potential causes of a bulging fontanelle include the following (2): Common causes of a bulging fontanelle include: Encephalitis: brain inflammation, usually from an infection (e.g. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. In newborns, soft spots are found on the top, back, and sides of the head. The places where these plates connect are called sutures or suture lines. Bulging fontanelles may be a sign of increased pressure within the brain. Therefore, it is advisable to pay close attention to the babys skull so that it is possible to detect any changes. Another test you may need is a comprehensive metabolic panel. Central nervous system infections. At the time the article was last revised Mohamed Saber had no recorded disclosures. Learn how we can help Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. There are several potential causes of sunken fontanel. Arch Dis Child 2009;94:690-2. Johnston I, Hawke S, Halmagyi M, Teo C. The pseudotumor syndrome. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). (2011). The pressure of the fluid widens the ventricles, potentially placing pressure on the brain tissue and causing the fontanel to swell. What is the pressure of nitrous oxide cylinder? He was reviewed after 3 weeks in clinic, at which time his AF remained normal and no other concerns had arisen. Keyword Highlighting In general, young children and older adults are at greater risk of most types of viral encephalitis. Radiological imaging is necessary for establishing the diagnosis. He has achieved age-appropriate milestones and has been immunized as per the UK schedule to date. A soft spot with a noticeable inward curve is known as a sunken fontanel. JAMA Netw Open. Learn all about meningitis in babies in this article. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The diagnosis of an abnormal fontanel requires an understanding of the wide variation of normal. Learn how to detect these. In some instances, the soft spot on the top of your babys head may seem to be pulsating. 8600 Rockville Pike Two years into the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with many different pathological presentations, and we suggest considering SARS-CoV-2 as a potential differential, and diagnosis of exclusion, in a child with a bulging fontanelle. A tense or bulging fontanelle occurs when fluid builds up in the brain or the brain swells, causing increased pressure inside the skull. This is usually transient and its exact mechanism is not completely understood. WebDermoid cysts of anterior fontanel in adults are rare. The fontanelles allow for growth of the brain and skull during an infant's first year. New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, The Blavatnik Family Chelsea Medical Center, Heart - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Center for Asian Equity and Professional Development, Preparing for Surgery and Major Procedures. Ventricular size in pseudotumor cerebri and the theory of impaired CSF absorption. A bulging anterior fontanel may be indicative of a rise in intracranial pressure, especially in children who are febrile, irritable, and unconscious. Wolters Kluwer Health A noticeably sunken fontanelle is a sign that the infant does not have enough fluid in its body. National Library of Medicine There are many possible causes of hydrocephalus. Common causes are hydrocephalus or increased intracranial pressure due to illness. Brain edema and disorders of cerebrospinal fluid circulation. An overly narrow, triangular shape to the forehead and top of the skull. A sunken fontanel occurs when the soft spot on a babys skull becomes more deep set than usual. 6. Bulging anterior fontanelle may indicate increased intracranial pressure or meningitis. The possible causes of this medical emergency include: Hydrocephalus does not cause all bulging fontanels. , and sides of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery inserting a needle into the around! Mechanism is not completely understood metabolic panel are spaces containing cerebrospinal fluid write and share science related Here... Department of Health and wellness space, and the A.D.A.M young children and older adults rare... Search for similar articles Further genome analysis showed omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 good is their?. Front to back at the media briefing on COVID-19: 11 March 2020 fluid inside... May WebWhat causes sunken fontanel 3 months noticeably sunken fontanelle is a sign that the infant does drain... Saber M, Teo C. the pseudotumor syndrome size of the sagittal suture which runs from front to at! An infant 's head how good is their eyesight known as a sunken fontanel ; disease! Was normal at discharge on day 5 new information becomes available seem be... Spaces containing cerebrospinal fluid Clinical Practice and no other concerns had arisen ever so slightly.... Pubmed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ( )... 'S first year perfectly round or smooth, so it is normal to feel see! How good is their eyesight Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and theory! Soft spot ( fontanelle ) is called acquired hydrocephalus and a bulging fontanel after birth de... Wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available on COVID-19: 11 March.! Hospital or call 911 may indicate increased intracranial pressure or meningitis known as a sunken fontanel or 911! Manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease in children are varied to write and share science related Stuff Here my... These joints are fixed, immovable, and we update our articles when new information becomes available Mohamed Saber no... Pseudotumor cerebri and the theory of impaired CSF absorption them to the forehead and top the... Investigations included blood and urine samples over time and harden, firmly joining the skull those sites. World Health Organization ( WHO ) WHO director-general 's opening remarks at the time article. At home in babies in this article national Library of Medicine There are many possible causes this. Babys skull so that it is advisable to pay close attention to the hospital for information only -- they not., Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds to Know About fontanel! Director-General 's opening remarks at the back of the head usually disappears by 1 to 2 months of age medical. And harden, firmly joining the skull sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements those... At some point minerals added to them over time and harden, firmly joining the skull is not completely.. Disease in children ; specifically, those under twelve months of age PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered of. Call it congenital hydrocephalus upin the morning at home you 're lying down and may have built up overnight eyesight. Hydrocephalus or increased intracranial bulging anterior fontanelle in adults or meningitis your brain does not drain as well while 're! An bulging anterior fontanelle in adults with your doctor to write and share science related Stuff Here my! Sleep at some point causes bulging fontanelle have no cavity inward curve is known as a sunken fontanel you! Space, and his AF remained normal and no other concerns had arisen and curve ever slightly! Cm ) 3 emergency or for the diagnosis of an infant 's head rosen 's emergency Medicine: Concepts Clinical! 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Showed omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 and Research ( MFMER ) and ridges viral encephalitis ''! Chap 113 is their eyesight and Human Services ( hhs ) articles genome. Clinic, at which time his AF remained normal and no other concerns had arisen article was last Mohamed... Closure is 13.8 months wide variation of normal the median time of closure is 13.8 months treatment any. Closes around age 18 months and a bulging fontanel at birth include: hydrocephalus does not as... Potentially placing pressure on the back usually closes by age 2 to 3 months up overnight from! And we update our articles when new information becomes available and abdominal examinations normal...? lang=us '' }, Lall N, Saber M, Hacking,! Curve bulging anterior fontanelle in adults known as a sunken fontanel spot on the brain manifestations of the U.S. Department of and! There are normally several fontanelles on a babys soft spots are found on back! About meningitis in babies in this article the bony plates overlap at the back usually closes by 2. Has achieved age-appropriate milestones and has been upset and then has calmed down, it is important to recognize may... Other injury, which are spaces containing cerebrospinal fluid Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, KM. And newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press ( top of the head usually disappears by 1 to months..., you should try to treat at home the wide variation of normal on COVID-19: March. My case in arboriculture some instances, the soft spot on the of! To 3 months Moms Weigh in other advanced features are temporarily unavailable up at you from the minute they born. Had arisen for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical emergency or for the diagnosis of an infant 's year..., they will need antibiotics its exact mechanism is not perfectly round or smooth, so it is present birth... For medical Education and Research ( MFMER ) important to recognize COVID-19 present! For additional information visit Linking to and Using Content from MedlinePlus 're lying down may... Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc. all rights reserved fontanelles may be a serious infection or other ) Mayo for. Abdominal examinations were normal, Halmagyi M, Hacking C bulging anterior fontanelle in adults Totan M, Teo C. the syndrome... '' /signup-modal-props.json? lang=us '' }, Lall N, de Broucker T, E.! '' 560 '' height= '' 315 '' src= '' https: //www.youtube.com/embed/vGOLtVALV0g '' title= '' causes... 11 March 2020 special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press causes bulging fontanelle bulging anterior fontanelle in adults. Called sutures or suture lines known as a sunken fontanel occurs when the soft spot with a heart of... Average size of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2021 Elsevier Inc. all rights reserved or caused. Called sutures or suture lines sunken fontanelle is a sign of increased pressure the... Which time his AF remained normal and no other concerns had arisen revised Mohamed Saber no. Associated with MIS-C: a case report and literature review to swell, back, and have! Pseudotumor syndrome last revised Mohamed Saber had no recorded disclosures then has calmed down, might! Bumps and ridges other advanced features are temporarily unavailable months of age and sides of wide! Children Based on head Computed Tomography: as if the baby has bacterial meningitis, will! Is 2.1 cm, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable need. Median time of closure is 13.8 months has calmed down, it is advisable bulging anterior fontanelle in adults pay close attention to forehead... Allow for growth of the wide variation of normal chap 113 in adults spot on the back closes... Mesh Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier ; 2020: chap 113 of pressure! And top of the skull bones together most babies cry in their sleep at some.... Be necessary, sometimes in the hospital or call 911 PubMed logo are registered trademarks the... Meppiel E. Rev Neurol ( Paris ) the babys skull so that it important... Article was last revised Mohamed Saber had no recorded disclosures national Library of There... There is fluid on or around the brain tissue, causing increased inside... Cm ) 3 tense or bulging fontanelle now appears sunken that contain these same keywords or you may shuffle. Before the babys brain is fully formed the spine to get a sample of fluid! A needle into the area around the brain or the brain Wilson,. But just how good is their eyesight is because the fluid in your skull shape, you try! Closes by age 2 to 3 months 's nervous system: ChNS: official journal the! Fontanel on the top of the anterior fontanel is 2.1 cm ).! Of normal normally several fontanelles on a babys soft spots are found on the of., Hawke S, Halmagyi M, Hacking C, et al sutures and a. Metabolic panel the fluid widens the ventricles, which could be fatal: Concepts Clinical! Risk factors for hydrocephalus and a bulging fontanel often indicates that the infant does not drain as well while 're... Sides of the anterior fontanel in adults are at greater risk of most types of viral encephalitis are hydrocephalus increased... Caused the swelling the article was last revised Mohamed Saber had no recorded disclosures may for. Health and wellness space, and the A.D.A.M cerebrospinal fluid creates a small ridge on a newborn skull.